Okuyun! Linux'ta Çekirdek(kernel) Nasıl Derlenir ? Öğrenmek isteyenlere!

quote:

Orjinalden alıntı: Challenger

Bazı dağıtımlarda /usr/src/linux bir sembolik bağ değil dizinin ta kendisi olabiliyor. Bu nedenle silinmesi sakıncalı olabilir. make install komutu verilince zaten gerekli işlemler yapılır. Bu nedenle sembolik bağın yerini değiştirmeye ve /etc/lilo.conf dosyasını el ile güncellemeye gerek kalmaz. Ayrıca açılış disketi oluşturamayacaklar için de açılış disketi oluşturmak şart değil. Bunun yerine eski çekirdek zaten lilo.conf' a yazılacağı için, yeni çekirdek sorun çıkarsa da eskisine dönülebilir.

quote:

Orjinalden alıntı: Challenger
Sisteminizi iyi tanımıyorsanız çekirdek derlerken kafanıza göre özellik kaldırıp eklemeyin. Eğer sonradan modül kullanırım diyorsanız Module Support seçeneğini de işaretleyin.

mytheif' in yazdıklarında atladığı önemli bir nokta var. Linux çekirdeği modüler çekirdek olarak geçer. İsterseniz bir özelliği çekirdeğe gömersiniz isterseniz de modül olarak derler sonradan istediğinizde kullanırsınız. Çekirdeğe istenen özellikleri gömüp, istenmeyenleri ve modül desteği kaldırarak kendinize sade bir çekirdek oluşturabilirsiniz. Ancak bu durumda sisteminizi ve Linux' u gerçekten iyi tanıyor olmanız gerekiyor. Aksi takdirde donanımınızın tanınması ve verimli kullanılmasıyla ilgili sorunlar yaşayabilirsiniz.

Modül desteğini de işaretleyerek sisteminizde kalıcı olacak donanımlar ile ilgili özellikleri çekirdeğe gömüp, diğerlerini modül olarak derleyebilirsiniz. Bu daha sağlıklı olacaktır.

make menuconfig komutu girilince karşınıza çıkan ayar menülerinde, bir özelliği çekirdeğe gömmek için özelliğin solunda <*>, modül olarak derlemek için de <M> işaretlerinin bulunmasını sağlayın.

quote:

Guide to 2.6 kernel upgrade/recompile ( post #1)

I successfully upgraded to the 2.6.7 kernel and then patched it to include the Debian Logo at boot up and Win4Lin support. I ran into some issues that took some time to figure out, so I thought I'd post my upgrade path here in the event it may help anyone else. I was using kernel 2.4.26 initially with the nvidia display driver. Here are the steps to take:

1. Install a 2.6 kernel using apt-get:

code:

apt-get -t unstable install kernel-image-2.6.7-1-386



2. The PS/2 mouse and nvidia driver won't work with the new kernel. To make sure the new kernel boots up, you need to add the lines "psmouse" and "mousedev" to /etc/modules, and temporarily change the video driver listed in /etc/X11/XF86Config-4 from "nvidia" to "nv". If you have a USB mouse and/or keyboard, you may need to add "usbhid" tp /etc/modules to get it to work.

3. Make sure that the kernel is listed in either /boot/grub/menu.lst or /etc/lilo.conf depending on which bootloader you use. Note that Debian uses initrd, so you have to include the kernel's initrd or it won't boot. I use grub, and the entry looks something like:

quote:title Linux, 2.6.7
root (hd0,0)
kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.7-1-386 root=/dev/hda1 ro hdc=scsi
initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.7-1-386
savedefault
boot

Also edit /etc/fstab to include the line:

quote:none /sys sysfs defaults 0 0

and make sure you have the /sys directory:

code:

mkdir /sys



4. Reboot into the new kernel and make sure that everything is working. It *should* work, but of course mileage may vary. NOTE: If you experience system freezes or shutdowns with the new kernel, try adding "acpi=off" to the kernel line in grub's menu.lst.

5. For re-compiling, it is important to use Debian kernel sources, because they have cramfs patches that allow the initrd to work. Install kernel-source and the debian boot logo:

code:

apt-get -t unstable install kernel-source-2.6.7 kernel-patch-debianlogo

I also downloaded 2.6 Win4Lin patches from Netraverse. These files are called "mki-adapter26_1_3_6.patch" and "Kernel-Win4Lin3-2.6.7.patch"

6. Unpack kernel-source and create symbolic link to /usr/src/linux:

code:

cd /usr/src
tar -jxf kernel-source-2.6.7.tar.bz2
rm linux
ln -s kernel-source-2.6.7 linux



7. Unpack the debian boot logo patch. As of this writing, the latest version was for kernel 2.6.2, but it works with kernel 2.6.7:

code:

cd /usr/src/kernel-patches/diffs/debianlogo
gunzip debian-logo-2.6.2.gz



8. Patch the kernel to include the Debian logo and Win4Lin support:

code:

cd /usr/src/linux
patch -p1 < /usr/src/kernel-patches/diffs/debianlogo/debian-logo-2.6.2
patch -p1 < /usr/src/mki-adapter26_1_3_6.patch
patch -p1 < /usr/src/Kernel-Win4Lin3-2.6.7.patch



9. Copy the existing kernel configuration as a starting point and configure the kernel:

code:

cd /usr/src/linux
cp /boot/config-2.6.7-1-386 .config
make menuconfig


You need to change two things in menuconfig. First enable the following option for win4lin support:

quote:NeTraverse Win4Lin Support --->

Include NeTraverse Win4Lin Support


Second, enable the following options for framebuffer console with debian boot logo:

quote:Graphics support --->

Support for frame buffer devices

VESA VGA graphics support
Console display driver support --->

Video mode selection support
<*> Framebuffer Console support

Select compiled-in fonts

VGA 8x8 font

VGA 8x16 font
Logo Configuration --->

Debian GNU/Linux Open Use logo (NEW)

Say "N" to all other device drivers except vesa. The Debian configuration has lots of things built as modules here and it seems to cause problems (at least for me). Say "N" to all other boot logos except Debian.

10. Compile and install the kernel:

code:

make-kpkg clean
make-kpkg --initrd --append-to-version=-mykernelname kernel_image
cd /usr/src
dpkg -i kernel-image-2.6.7-mykernelname_10.00.Custom_i386.deb

Where "mykernelname" is the name you want appended. Mine is "win4lin", so my kernel is named 2.6.7-win4lin.

11. Finally, make an entry for the new kernel in your boot loader. Dpkg should do this automatically, but you should check everything to be sure. The entry for Grub in menu.lst would be something like:

code:

title Linux, 2.6.7
root (hd0,0)
kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.7-mykernelname root=/dev/hda1 ro hdc=scsi video=vesafb:ywrap,mtrr vga=788
initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.7-mykernelname
savedefault
boot

Note that you need to add the "video=" and "vga=" to select the driver and resolution for the console. More details are in Gentoo's documentation:http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/handbo...rt=1&chap=9
NOTE: You may need to add "acpi=off" to the kernel line if you experience system freezes or shutdowns.

12. Reboot with the new kernel. You should see the Debian logo at the top of the screen and nice small fonts during boot up. You should also now be able to install Win4Lin from Netraverse to run legacy windows applications. You will have to re-install the nvidia display driver. Go towww.nvidia.com, download the latest driver and follow the directions. After it installs, change the driver listed in /etc/X11/XF86Config-4 from "nv" back to "nvidia".

I hope this helps others. I spent a lot of time over the weekend figuring this out. Please let me know if there are mistakes above.

-Matt